Explain How Neurons Transmit Information Our Knowledge of...

Part 1 Option B Explain how neurons transmit information. ‘Our knowledge of the neurons function helps us to understand human behaviour.’ Discuss. The relationship between biology and psychology is a ‘give-and-take’, shared relationship where one can be used to explain and provide insight into the other, as both are related to the physical body and the mind. For that reason biology holds a much significant and important role in the study of psychology. One of the main areas of psychological studies is the mind therefore this essay aims to explain the biology of how neurons transmit information, this essay also aims to discuss how our knowledge of the ways neurons functions helps us to understand human behaviour. Biology has a†¦show more content†¦Therefore if the receptors on a postsynaptic neuron do not match the neurotransmitter then this can cause inhibition. Example of psychological disorder that inhibition can cause is schizophrenia, an illness caused by abnormality of certain neurotransmitter found in parts of the brain. Many psychological disorders and aspects of our psychological lives are partly caused by manipulation at the synapses. And therefore have their biological basis and links to the brain. Emotions, motives, moods, cognition and behaviour are all caused when the activity in the neural system is changed or due to malfunction of synapses. For example Parkinson disease is caused by disruption in neurotransmitters. Drugs such as Prozac are used to cure depression, depression which is caused due to change in the brain either in malfunction of the neurotransmitters or the synapse. Sometimes malfunction is caused when neurons reuptake neurotransmitters that have already been released (Toates.2007, p.259) Neurons also play a part in the control of our behaviour. Like when our brain gives signals to the rest of the body to move via neurons. To move our legs, our legs need a large supply of blood therefore the brain needs to send messages to the heart also. Two parts of the nervous system operate to carry out such movement, the semantic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The semantic nervous system controls the skeletal muscles, thus is

Environmental Contaminants And Its Effects On Children

Parents of newborns have a million things on their minds when it comes to taking care of and protecting their babies. Feeding them, making sure they don’t fall, and trying to keep them from getting sick are just a few of the many overwhelming outside influences that could affect a babies wellbeing. Unfortunately, for many parents, there are several dangerous substances that could have a detrimental effect on a newborn’s health. These pathogens hide in our homes, water sources and our air. Infants are consistently bombarded with environmental contaminants and the ramifications on their health can be serious and lifelong. Unless parents have been educated about these risks, moms and dads often have no idea their babies are constantly in contact with these poisonous toxins. As soon as babies are born, they are immediately exposed to thousands of contaminants in their environment (Rogge, Combs-Orme). Environmental contaminants are found everywhere in our surroundings and scientists know that children are far more vulnerable to their damaging effects. Their sensitive, developing bodies are more likely to hold chemical concentrations in their tissues and cells because of their smaller size (Rogge, Combs-Orme). Most environmental contaminants are can be classified into three categories: microbiological, chemical or radiation (Karr). Certain contaminants cause immediate, acute illness and in the most severe cases have been linked to infant mortality and SIDS (Rogge,Show MoreRelatedWater Quality and Contamination1230 Words   |  5 PagesJacqueline Poole 10/6/2013 Week 5 – Water Quality and Contamination Final Lab Abstract Testing of how ground water is affected by different contaminants was the bases of the experiment. The results were interesting in that when vinegar is filtered through dirt it came out fairly clean. 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Therefore, environmental healthRead MoreThe Hazardous Effects of Pollution to the Environment and Human Health.Docx Uploaded Successfully1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hazardous Effects of Pollution to the Environment and Human Health Abstract Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. It can take the form of chemical substances or energy. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. It is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) detrimentRead MoreEnvironmental Assessment Of Drinking Water744 Words   |  3 Pagespassage of the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has been responsible for the development of standards to limit the exposure of contaminants, including microbial, via drinking water. There are two types of standards regulating contaminants. Primary standards regulate substances harmful to human health and secondary standards address substances related more to aesthetics. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) refers to the maximum concentration of a harmfulRead MoreThe Clean Water Act ( Cwa ) Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe Clean Water Act (CWA) founds the elementary structure for regulating releases of contaminants into the water bodies of the US and also for surface waters it regulates quality standards. The origin of the CWA was passed in 1948 and was named the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, then the Act was suggestively reorganized and prolonged in 1972. as Clean Water Act this became the Act s communal name after amendments in 1972.Further down to CWA, EPA has applied other pollution control agendas

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Free Essays

For my book report, I chose to read The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It is a novel set in the twenties when the American economy was soaring (SparkNotes†¦). We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald or any similar topic only for you Order Now I choose this book because I had it in my bookshelf for a long time, but never found time to read it. I had no expectations of this book because I had never heard anything about it, and the summary on the back was un-descriptive. In this paper I will accurately and specifically go into the characters of the book, and present the themes, motifs and symbols of The Great Gatsby.The Great Gatsby has five important characters, all which play very different and crucial roles to the story. Tom, Daisy, Jordan and Gatsby are the characters who are rich, indulgent and selfish (Homework†¦). Nick is the narrator as well as the only one who leaves a modest live, and seems to have a moral compass. I found the characters in The Great Gatsby exaggerated and unrealistic. The group of rich people had great drive, but all had no conscience or morals. Nick is the most morally sound of the group, seemingly because his lack of riches (The Great Gatsby). The main character of the book is also the inspiration of the title, Jay Gatsby (SparkNotes†¦). He is a complicated character and we get to know him at many different stages of his life. We meet him as extravagantly rich and successful Gatsby, (Ross). He has the means to have extravagant parties every Saturdays, but he seems to be desperately searching for something. We learn about the history of Gatsby When learn that at one point he was called James Gatz (The Great Gatsby). He was poor and dreamed of the day he would have all the money he wanted. He fell in love with Daisy before leaving to fight in the war, but the pressure of parents and society were so great to marry someone in her ‘class’, she broke and married Tom. When Gatsby returned and realized Daisy had married, he was heartbroken. He worked for Dan Cody; a bootlegger involved with illegal things. Gatsby gets into the business and makes his fortune (NovelGuide. com). We learn that Gatsby has parties only because he knows that Daisy lives across the lake and hopes against odds that she will stumble into one and they will be reunited. We see that his moral code is also skewed when he has nothing against having an affair with Daisy. By the end of the story, we conclude that Gatsby is innocent dreamer who puts to much faith in people. He believes that Daisy is flawless, and all she does is disappoint him (SparkNotes†¦). His trust of Daisy and of unattainably dreams ultimate leads to his death (Homework†¦). The main theme of The Great Gatsby is the disintegration of the American dream in a time of major economic prosperity (SparkNotes†¦). Although the twenties were a time of wealth, parties, and pleasure; Fitzgerald is showing the moral corruptness of the culture as a whole. Another crucial theme in this book is class of peoples. Daisy marries Tom instead of Gatsby because of his position and wealth. She loves Gatsby, but she would rather have money and a good reputation (Homework†¦). Jordan and Nick try to have a relationship but it doesn’t work because their differences in class. Jordan follows in Daisy’s shoes and has a â€Å"shotgun† wedding to a rich man instead of Nick. There are two main motifs if this book. There are two peninsulas just outside New York which are crucial to this story, West Egg and East Egg. The East Egg is where the wealthy and â€Å"old aristocrats† live (SparkNote†¦). Daisy, Tom and Jordan live there. Nick and Gatsby live on West Egg; this is where the newly rich live. These are the showy rich who the East Egg people look down on. The geography of the country is also important. We know this by how the book highlights the differences between living out West and in the East. The East is grouped with New York and represents the moral decay of the wealthy while the West is seen as a more traditional and conservative which values morals and truth (SparkNotes†¦). We see two main symbols in this book. When Nick first sees Gatsby, he doesn’t introduce himself because Gatsby is staring intensely across his lake at a green light. We later learn that that light is on Daisy’s dock, and that Gatsby watches it to feel connected with her. This shows how he looks forward in his life, and believes in his dream. He has drive to get what he wants, without being afraid to work and strive for it (SparkNotes†¦). There is a billboard at a garage in the Valley of Ashes (the road between East and West Egg) that has giant spectacled eyes painted on. These are the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, and are an ad for his practice. These eyes watch all the characters at different times and may represent the eyes of God (SparkNotes†¦). We see this because they make Tom uncomfortable when going to visit his mistress and because a man points to them saying, â€Å"God sees everything† (128). Although no one is ever punished, these eyes are the reminder of guilt for characters at different times (Homework†¦). There is no obvious spirituism to show a fear of, or lack of fear, in a god. Though not specially shown, the lack of morals shows the characters lack of trust in God. All wealthy characters have carelessness for others. When Nick tells Jordan she is an bad driver and should stay off the roads because she will hurt other drivers she says, â€Å"they’ll keep out of my way† (63). When Daisy hit Tom’s mistress with her car, she did not even attempt to go back and see the damage she did, just drove on like nothing happened. The rich can afford to run away from their problems– so they no longer have the necessity for god when they can solve all there problems. This paper accurately went into the characters of the book, and presented the themes, motifs and symbols of The Great Gatsby. I did not enjoy this book because the plot was slow and the storyline weak. This book was hard to identify with because it was in such a different time then I live. I didn`t enjoy this book and would not recommend it to anyone. How to cite The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Essay examples

Opinion on Afremovs Water Pastel Painting Essay Example For Students

Opinion on Afremovs Water Pastel Painting Essay First of all, I chose Leonie Foreman because admire the quality of his work. Before chose him as my subject, I did check out other artists like David Clerical who specializes in photography, portraits, landscapes film, There is Marcel Christ as well, whose torte is still elite and also dabbles in personal work and film, Benedict Regard on the other hand, does a little of everything such as photography, landscapes, epic set-ups and still life. I had to really think hard on Sam Logan because her line of art is my weakness. She is a stylist thereby her expertise is in clothing designs, set designs, and also experiments on still life. L almost picked her but Foremost work moved me more because it communicated admire artists so much since dont think have one artistic bone in to me. My body however hard try. I am in awe of people who looks at a picture, picks up a pencil then just starts drawing with such ease and confidence. Foreman paints With such emotion and inspiration that everyone can relate to it. His use of nature, surroundings and the combination of colors is so unpredictable that t surprises his viewers. Melody Of the Night depicts that the cover Of darkness when night falls doesnt mean that the exciting day is over. It shows that it only has begun but now in a different setting at a different time. It makes one realize that dusk can be breathtakingly beautiful when an explosion of contrasting colors are used to create an unforgettable heartwarming scene. I believe that what makes Foremost work very effective is that it isnt difficult to grasp. Any individual can relate to his work and appreciate its beauty due to its simplicity. It likewise sends a message that even darkness can bring about a lively scene with the correct use of colors and various painting techniques. The technique I liked most that Foreman utilized a lot in this painting is stippling. He used it to texture botanical drawings that created the appearance to depth. He did in such a way that it made the whole painting look elegant and life-like, Composition was another technique Foreman used that impressed me. It made the painting look put together and organized. Melody of the Night contains line, shape, arm, space, texture, value and color. He manipulated these elements and created something quite amazing. The effectiveness of Foremost work depends on the individual whys viewing it since everyone has their own opinion and interpretation of any kind of art. I personally, am very impressed with this particular painting because see that the techniques he used were quite effective. How does one measure the effectiveness Of an artwork to an individ ual who doesnt know much about art? I measure it on how affects my senses usually emotionally. It would be great if can touch and feel its texture and composition to give me an idea of the depth of the painting, however that isnt possible in this case. Using my sense Of sight tells me that he put his own feelings into this painting because it exudes his personal touch and his attention to detail. He took advantage of the darkness to bring out an explosion of hues and colors that one wouldnt expect. He brought light and life to a scene that could very well be ordinary or even boring.

Should Australia Introduce Any Tax Or GST Changes Essays

Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes? Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes? Why do we need taxes? Taxation makes up majority of our government's income. With this income the government can provide us with proper infrastructure and social services for little, if no cost at all. These include Medicare, social security and education. (These facilities are known as recurrent expenditures because it is needed time after time.) Other expenditures include transportation, lighting, recreation etc. These services are granted to us at no costs. In many 3rd world countries where taxation is low or doesn't exist, all of these services are to come out of one's own pocket. Over the many centuries, in which taxation was existent, people have cheated and avoided paying these taxes. Nowadays people with high-income put their money into trusts, superannuation, or incorporate it into businesses. Businesses would try and receive more cash transactions. This has led to a decrease in our government's revenues, thus leading to a tax reform in hope of a more effective result. What makes a good tax system? There are four elements in a successful tax system. They are effectiveness, efficiency, equitability, and simplicity. 1) Effectiveness: is the performance compared to the desired effect. E.g. the number of people who pays tax, how much tax is received. 2) Efficiency: is the cost of running the system. The system may be very effective with a million tax officers, but it would cost millions to hire so many people. 3) Equitability: is the fairness of the system. This is an impossible goal to achieve. From different people's point of views, the system will always be unfair to them in some way. Not to mention the tax cheats. The best solution is to broaden the number of people who pay the tax, which is only fair. 4) Simplicity: A tax system should never be too complexed, it is otherwise not efficient neither understandable. The income tax Act that just started off at just 120 pages in 1936 is now over 3300 pages and has doubled in size over the last 7 years. A complex system means that those who can afford expensive tax advice minimize their tax. But those that can't, pay the full share. It is impossible to have a system where all four elements are satisfactory. Where a system may be effective and efficient it will not be equitable or simple. It is impossible to fit the whole population all under one roof. Under these circumstances the government proposed a new way of taxation- GST. What is GST? GST is a tax on the goods and services that each and everyday households consume. Tax is collected at each stage of production and distribution, but a credit is given for the GST on inputs. Refunds are given for GST on exports. Therefore, only households bear this tax. Australia currently has a WST in place of a GST. WST is whole sales tax this tax is levied on the whole sale price and is collected by wholesalers. A GST is in fact a VAT-value added tax. Meaning it is levied at each stage of production and distribution. Over one hundred countries in the world have a GST/VAT, but only six nations including Australia have a WST. The advantages and disadvantages of a GST It is hard to say whether the GST is favorable or adverse because the government hasn't yet proposed the whole system, the exemptions and the exact figures of taxation. The following is only speculation by the many supporters and those who disapprove. ADVANTAGES 1) Lower taxes means business can buy and sell more competitively overseas. 2) The higher cost of prices will slow down inflation. 3) At each level of production and sale, except sale to a consumer, a rebate is claimable. The paperwork for these claims helps to enforce compliance. This would also stop tax evasion. 4) It will hit the black economy because the money earned will be used for consumption. 5) Replace existing distortional indirect taxes 6) Prices on some good and services will fall instead of rising. E.g. petrol 7) Less income tax gives people more incentive to work. 8) The reduction in many taxes that were of a heavy burden to businesses will be abolished thus giving the businesses more power to employ extra workers. These taxes include the WST and many other excise duties such as the taxes on many house hold goods. 10) The GST will be able to with stand tomorrow's many challenges which the current system will not be able to handle. E.g. an aging population. 11) Current indirect taxes are levied on

Archaic Period - Ancient American Hunter-Gatherers

Archaic Period - Ancient American Hunter-Gatherers The Archaic period is the name given to generalized hunter-gatherer societies in the American continents from approximately 8,000 to 2000 years BC. Archaic lifestyles includes a dependence on elk, deer, and bison depending on where the site is, and a wide range of plant materials. In coastal areas, shellfish and marine mammals were important food sources, and fish weirs were an important technological advance. Archaic Advances Important advances of the later Archaic period include earthworks at sites such as Poverty Point and Watson Brake (both in Louisiana), and the first pottery in the Americas, a fiber-tempered ware named after Stallings Island South Carolina were an important invention. During the Altithermal, Archaic peoples dug wells to stay alive in the high plains of west Texas and eastern New Mexico. The Archaic period people are also responsible for the domestication of such important New World plants as bottle gourd, maize and cassava, the use of which plants would flourish in later periods. Regional Archaic The term Archaic is quite broad, and covers an enormous area of North and South America. As a result, several regional archaic groups have been recognized. Regional Archaic Traditions: Plains Archaic, Oshara Tradition, Maritime Archaic, Shield Archaic, Ortoiroid, Piedmont Tradition, Pinto Culture, San Dieguito, Orange Culture, Mount Albion See Guide to the Mesolithic for information about the roughly parallel period in the Old World.

Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal - Assignment Example Part of the short-range objectives is to upgrade the existing training facilities of PEACE as well as improve the knowledge and skills of its professional trainers with regards to managing traumatic situations the victims and families of the victims are currently going through whereas the long-term objective is to expand the existing infrastructure of PEACE in order to support the increasing number of victims who will be needing the social support of the said organization. To improve the quality of PEACE’s social services, a budget of one million US dollars (US$1,000,000.00) is needed wherein one-eighth (1/8) of the total expected grant will be used to financially support the further education and trainings of its professional trainers and upgrade the existing training facilities such as the improvements in training area and the purchase of new computers, projectors, and LCDs. The remaining three-eighth (3/8) of the total grant will be used in expanding the existing infrastructure of PEACE. Over the past five years, the city of Portland is experiencing an increase in domestic and youth violence, spousal and child abuse, assault, and incidents of road rage. To provide assistance to the victims of violence, the mission of PEACE Domestic Violence Agency is to reduce victim trauma, empower survivors, and promote recovery to the victims of sexual assault and domestic violence. Social problems related to domestic violence can be solved by increasing the number of available service provision, education, and social awareness. By extending free educational training services, wellness support group, and shelter to the victims of domestic violence, PEACE will not only be able to promote the well-being of young men, women, and children whose lives have been affected by domestic violence but also improve the quality of life of families whose member or members are in prison. Educating the public on how to handle and protect themselves from becoming a victim

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care and its prevention Dissertation

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care and its prevention - Dissertation Example Journal Issue, Pages: Journal of General Internal Medicine Vol. 21 No. 6 Pages 652-655. Year published Years data collected: Published in 2006. Purpose: To determine in community health care environments the level of satisfaction with regard to training received on current practices in the management of pain among the care providers. Methodology, Variables Design, Sample, Instruments: Qualitative study. Variables Design: Issues involving reaching optimal control of pain in patients and approaches that would assist in improving prescribing of opioids in managing chronic pain. Sample: 67 attending physicians, 19 nurse practitioners, 3 physician assistants, and 22 family practice residents, making a total of 111 participants from 178 selected. Instruments: Survey questionnaire relating to satisfaction with training and care delivery with regards to chronic pain, issues concerning chronic pain management, possibility of prescribing opioids, and estimation of the probability of psycho-soc ial co-morbidities Findings: From a wide perspective there was low satisfaction among primary care providers in satisfaction of the treatment of chronic pain. For most of the attending physicians the training received in chronic pain treatment during their medical education and residency training was insufficient. For most of the care providers the major barriers to optimal pain treatment were patient self-management, patient, psychological factors, and patient compliance. There was a low rate of willingness to prescribe opioids, with the factor of the patients selling the opioids being the main barrier. Moe frequent visits raised the likelihood of willingness to prescribe opioids. Comments, Implications, Limitations: Primary care providers hold the view that the patients are the biggest barrier to optimal chronic care in primary care settings. Implications: The findings of the study suggest that education and training of primary care providers in chronic pain treatment should have a greater focus on patient oriented approaches in the management of chronic pain, and how to deal with substance abuse and addiction. Strengths: Survey questionnaire grounded in earlier studies, with assistance from a group consisting of primary care providers, researchers, and a pain specialist. Limitation: Small sample size limits the generalization of the findings of the study. Theme – 1: Lack of education of primary care providers about pain management. Unique Identifier: Sullivan 2 Authors: Sullivan, M. D., Edlund, M. J., Zhang, L., Unutzer, J. & Wells, K. B. Title: Association Between Mental Health Disorders, Problem Drug Use, and Regular Prescription Opioid Use. Journal Issue, Pages: Archives of Internal Medicine Vol. 166 Pages 2087-2093. Year published Years data collected: Published in 2006. 1998 and 2001. Purpose: To investigate whether mental disorders enhance the risk of opioid use or whether opioid enhances the risk for mental disorders from a large cross section of the population. Methodology, Variables Design, Sample, Instruments: Cross-sectional Qualitative study. Variables: Dependent Variables – Regular prescription opioid use. Independent Variables – Mental health and problem drug use. Sample: 6439 individuals matching the inclusion criteria from the 1998 and 2001 waves of the population-base survey Health-care for Communities (HCC). Instruments: Data from the 1998 and 2001 waves of the population-base survey Health-care for Communities (HCC). Findings: Patients on regular prescription opioids had the higher risk probability by two to three times to seek mental health assistance. Continued use of opioids by patients from 1998-2001 was associated with a higher risk for common mental

Illinois v. Wardlow 528 U.S.119 (Case law) Research Paper

Illinois v. Wardlow 528 U.S.119 (Case law) - Research Paper Example They found a handgun from him and later o arrest him for further enquiry. When the case was presented in the Illinois Trial court, Wardlaw’s motion in that area was denied to suppress by the court and they also gave the judgment as the gun was found during a legal stop and search operation. But state Appellate Court reverse the decision stating that there was not enough evidence of doubt for Nolan to stop and search Wardlaw. Latter on Supreme Court stated the fact that sudden movement or flight in a high crime zone could not be a reason to suspect and stop-search an individual as the movement can be treated like â€Å"right to go on one’s way†. But as the suspect tried to flight from the place therefore the further investigation can be carry on. (Legal Information Institute, 2000). The Fourth Amendment of US law did support the action of the police office. According to Ferguson & Bernache (2008), under the guidelines of the Supreme Court, lower court while giving any decision can consider an area as high crime area as a factor to review the reasonableness of Fourth Amendment stop. But the definition of high crime area was not mentioned by the highest court, and therefore a lot of controversies were there during Illinois v Wardlaw case. After this incident, the need of defining high crime area was understood. According to them, high crime area could be defined based on three different parameters, such as: the area have to be marked by high degree of particularized criminal activities, the geographical boundary of that area have to be specified and thirdly the assigned police officer adjacent to that specific area should have knowledge about the boundary of the high crime area (Ferguson & Bernach, 2008, p.1586). According to Amar (1994), the Fourth amendment always calls for warrants and probable cause for any kind of police searches and exclusion of vehicle obtained illegally from any individual or group of people† (Amar, 1994, p.757). Carmen and Walker(2011), in their writing presented this case with analysis as how the fourth amendment was imposed on Wardlaw by the two police officer and whether it was justifiable or not. According to the

Agile Methodology With Scrum Model For Software Information Technology Essay

Agile Methodology With Scrum Model For Software Information Technology Essay Agile methods may produce software faster but also need to know how they meet quality requirements. This research focuses to make the base of question can agile methods ensure quality even though they develop software faster and can handle unstable requirements?. To show how agile methods achieve software quality, compare the scrum model with agile processes. Present a detailed scrum model showing its software quality support processes. Then show the quality practices that agile methods have integrated into their processes. Finally it is the comparison of agile methodology with scrum model in the environment of Pakistan software industry and proposed the best efficient model in the distributed software environment Introduction: Main idea of this research is to identify the challenges and issues of an agile adoption in an organization and formulate ways to grab with those issues. And also propose a solution for agile scrum limitation Limited support for Distributed Environment [1]. Main Issue in distributed environment is Communication, I am proposing a several ways how we minimize communication barrier in distributed environment. And ensure that agility with scrum model is possible in Distributed Environment. Scrumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is a framework within which you can employ various processes and techniquesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦within which complex products can be developed [2]. Scrum Principles includes Time-boxes ,Cross-functional teams ,Open communications Within team With stakeholders ,Priorities set by Product Owner, Demonstrable results, Responsive to change[3]. Benefits of Scrum Targets Product Owners functions-of-value focus on team communications, frequent and ready access to knowledge, co-location improves communications, frequent demonstrations for early feedback from stakeholders, sense of accomplishment, quality of product. Scrum is a knowledge creating process with a high level of information sharing during the whole cycle and work progress. Its application also generates a strong culture with well-defined roles and relationships[4]. The key to scrum is planing the date of completion for production or release, prioritizing functionalities, Identifying available resources, decision about the architecture. Scrum offers a collection of empirical techniques that assume existence of uncertainties but provide practical and specific techniques to tame Iterative, Incremental and Adaptive Software Development Model. In scrum Project work is identified dynamically and prioritized according to the customers needs and what the team can do. Existing System: In every agile process development methodology there are some limitations with respect to nature of work. Some issues are highlighted in [5] for distributed area, sub contraction, developing large and complex systems, Safety-Critical system development etc.Existing software methodology has many issues in distributed environment. Now a days software development is doing by outsourcing the projects because in advanced countries cost factor is very important but the most important constraint is the communication gap between the owner and developer. To resolve this gap and to enhance the autonomy in distributed environment under the umbrella of agile methodology scrum model is implemented for dynamic development model Drawbacks with existing system Existing system (agile process development methodology) has many issues for for user and developer aspects. Disadvantages with agile: Active user involvement and close collaboration Requirements emerge and evolve Agile requirements are barely sufficient. Incremental approach to development and frequent delivery of product. Testing is integrated throughout the lifecycle. Frequent delivery of product Finally, common feedback is that agile development is rather intense for developers. The need to really complete each feature 100% within each iteration, and the relentlessness of iterations, can be mentally quite tiring so its important to find a sustainable pace for the team [6]. Objective: Numerous works has been done to cover all aspects of Scrum Development methodology but still there are open research areas which need to be covered. In every agile process development methodology there are some limitations with respect to nature of work [7]. Some issues are highlighted in [7] and for distributed area, sub contraction, developing large and complex systems etc, but still there are open areas where no significant research work has been done. Ensure that agile method with Scrum Model can ensure quality even though they develop software faster and can handle unstable requirements. PROPOSED SOLUTION: My Objective of this research is to minimize the issues and challenges of an agile adoption in an organization with collaboration of Scrum Model. So organization can successfully adopt and integrate agile with scrum into their enterprises for greater responsiveness to changing market demands and conditions. Ensure that agile method with Scrum Model can ensure quality even though they develop software faster and can handle unstable requirements. OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM: The new methodologies should be developed and then it will be implemented in the different software industry with techniques and the results will be compared. New software size estimation methods should be developed. These methods will help in software cost estimation by using the different estimation techniques. These new methods will be better in software cost estimating, particularly for in the environment of Pakistan. There should be easier methods for Software development in the Agile with Scrum Model. It is comparison of old and new technologies. In the environment of Pakistan these approaches will be valid for software cost estimation. FUTURE WORK: Developing the new methodologies for software creation is an emerging trend in the environment of Pakistan. The approaches for software size, code, space and time estimation will be applied on the different software estimation techniques. Basically, the methodology proposes an integrated usage of available all these estimation techniques in different phases of the development life cycle. Application of the methodology in developing software by SD approach is also discussed. As a next step, the methodology should be experimented in various projects and thus will be enhanced. Some applications are also needed for applying the methodology to other software development approaches such as object-oriented development, Jackson System Development Programming (JSD JSP) etc. Also, the tool needs to be ported to UNIX environment. Review of Literature: Artem Marchenko, Pekka Abrahamsson (2008): The authors carried out an ethnographically informed longitudinal case study in industrial settings and closely followed how the Scrum method was adopted in a 20-person department, working in a simultaneous multi-project RD environment. Altogether 10 challenges pertinent to the case of multi-team multi-project Scrum adoption were identified in the study. The authors contend that these results carry great relevance for other industrial teams. Steve Berczuk (2007): Stated main reason that it is difficult to do work in agile with distributed teams is that distribution can reduce communication bandwidth. Co-located teams that dont communicate well can also fail with agile methods. But the rules of agile methods serve to increase communication and feedback. Any team is best served by following the rules of the agile method with as few adjustments as possible. Distribution increases the damage that non-compliance can cause. If the team feels like it owns the process and the tools it is more likely to be able to overcome obstacles and be successfull. Andrew Begel, Nachiappan Nagappan (2006): This paper report on the results of an empirical study conducted at Microsoft to learn about Agile development and its perception by people in development, testing, and management. They found that one-third of the study respondents use Agile methodologies to varying degrees, and most view it favorably due to improved communication between team members, quick releases and the increased flexibility of Agile designs. Barry Boehm, Richard Turner (2005): Their discussions with traditional developers and managers concerning agile software development practices nearly always contain two somewhat contradictory ideas. They find that on small, stand-alone projects, agile practices are less burdensome and more in tune with the software industrys increasing needs for rapid development and coping with continuous change. Wilton, P. and J. W. Colby(2005). Stated that most database management systems these days are relational with implementing agile methodology, termed relational database management system . These systems make storing data and returning results easier and more efficient. They allow different questions to be posed of the database even questions the original designer of the database didnt expect to be asked. Outi Salo (2004): Empirical results are reported from two XP (Extreme Programming) projects where the project teams conducted post-iteration workshops after all process iterations in order to improve and optimize working methods. Andreas Kornstadt and Joachim Sauer (2002) It includes discussion of the diary-driven development lightweight approach to documentation and providing a technique of introspection to help peer-review yourself. The experience reported on also covers what happens when you try to take these techniques successfully applied by an individual and scale them up for adoption by a typical small team. Adding relevance to a non-technical management audience, the presentation looks at these practices from a risk-mitigation viewpoint. It will help validate them as worthwhile for solo developers and debunk the idea that software engineering is only for big teams. Highsmiths J.A.(2000): The research project described in their report is three-pronged effort to investigate the issues associated with Scrum adoption. First, the practices that characterize the Scrum agile method will be stated, along with common variants. Second, projects that have adopted, or are in the process of adopting, Scrum will be surveyed to identify which Scrum practices, or variants thereoff, they have implemented and the perceived value of the method. Third, factors affecting Scrum adoption will be investigated. The objective of this research is to better understand the barriers to adoption and the leverage points that might encourage Scrum to be more widely and efficiently deployed. Boehm. B(2000) l: The paper proposes the component paradigm as a way to bridge the gap between model-driven and agile development. Service-based component concepts applied at the level of modeling, architectural design and development can ensure and strengthen agile development principles and practices. Components provide a way of building simple and flexible software architecture that can easily scale in size and level of details in order to overcome certain limitations of agile development processes. Material Methods This research is an empirical study .The existing published literature and research material, relevant to the Agile and scrum model are the first treasure of knowledge for this research study and provide the baseline to execute the research in proper direction. Online digital libraries and databases e.g. ACM, Springer link, IEEE etc, are the main source of information. Due to the fact that this is relatively a new research domain with insufficient academic research contribution I will also approach the online articles, success stories, case studies and personal experiences, shared by Agile practitioner, through the search engines. I will approach the agile practitioners who have experienced the Agile methodologies in distributed/Offshore environment[10]. And various research groups e.g. Google groups, Yahoo groups etc, relevant to the research topic, for getting the research input. I will also survey different organizations, especially in Pakistan, for getting the multiple responses, close ended and open ended questionnaires will be published to capture the views of IT professionals.. After approaching the wider group of Agile practitioners to get the general view point. In order to become more focused, I identify the group which are very specific and practically working in the particular development environment (Distributed agile)[8]. Structured and semi structured interview will be another tool to refine the respondent findings. The results will be formulated for this empirical study on the basis of theoretical frame work (literature review) and empirical study (survey and interviews with practitioners) The key to scrum is planning the date of completion for production or release, prioritizing functionalities, Identifying available resources, decision about the architecture. Scrum offers a collection of empirical techniques that assume existence of uncertainties but provide practical and specific techniques to tame Iterative [9], Incremental and Adaptive Software Development Model. In scrum Project work is identified dynamically and prioritized according to the customers needs and what the team can do. My Objective of this research is to minimize the issues and challenges of an agile adoption in an organization with collaboration of Scrum Model. So organization can successfully adopt and integrate agile with scrum into their enterprises for greater responsiveness to changing market demands and conditions. Ensure that agile method with Scrum Model can ensure quality even though they develop software faster and can handle unstable requirements.

Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver Essay -- Papers Popular Mechanics

Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver Works Cited Not Included Typically a story begins with an exposition, which introduces the characters, setting and plot. In the short story ?Popular Mechanics? by Raymond Carver, the exposition is excluded. The story begins with a short rise in action, moves quickly to the climax and totally omits the resolution. Carver uses third person objective narration to reveal the actions and the dialogue between a man and a woman. The narrator gives very little descriptive details, never revealing the characters? thoughts or their motivation. This allows the reader the freedom to interpret and develop their own opinions of the setting, plot, and characters of the story. This also stimulates the reader to be an active reader?to think about what is read, to ask questions, and to respond to the authors? style of writing. Firstly, the narrator gives little detail throughout the whole story. The greatest amount of detail is given in the first paragraph where the narrator describes the weather. This description sets the tone and mood of the events that follow. Giving the impression that a cold, wet, miserable evening was in the making. ?But it was getting dark on the inside too? (265), this foreshadowing reveals that not only was the day coming to an end, but something else was about to end. Carver leaves further development of the setting to the imagination of the reader. It could take place in any century or in any city, state, or country. There have been male-female relationships since the beginning of time, in every corner of the world. The story is universal and timeless. This lack of detail allows readers to develop a setting that fits with their lifestyle. Secondly, there is no... ...l of the relationship. Carver relies on the readers? knowledge of these popular stereotypes instead of telling you about each character. In conclusion, Carver ends with, ?In this manner, the issue was decided.? (266). The lack of explicit detail in ?Popular Mechanics? leaves the reader free to develop their own resolution. A different ending could be attached to every additional reading. Did the man take the baby? Did the woman? Was the baby hurt or killed? Due to the lack of detail this story could be read over and over and the reader could change the setting, plot and characterization each time. Carver takes into consideration a reader?s ability to be an active reader and their ability to incorporate their own ideas into his story. Thus, the need for lengthy detailed descriptions is not necessary, only a reader?s perception and imagination is needed.

The Influences of Family Communication Patterns on Adult Children

The Influences of Family Communication Patterns on Adult Children’s Perceptions of Romantic Behaviors by Michael Fowler, MS, Judy C. Pearson, Ph. D. , & Stephenson J. Beck, Ph. D. PART A SUMMARY The study of the researchers is to explore how family communication patterns influence the use of interpersonal behaviors for maintaining a committed romantic relationship for example dating, engaged or married. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between family communication pattern, rituals, and relational maintenance in adult children’s romantic relationships.The results of the study showed that co orientation and couple-time rituals were related. Conversation orientation was related to all seven relational maintenance behaviors. Finally, conformity orientation was related to conflict management. The research concludes that the family is considered the pinnacle relationship in the human experience (Floyd Mikkelson, & Judd, 2006). The family is where most communi cative behaviors are learned and developed (Bruner, 1990; Fitzpatrick & Caughlin, 2002).In addition, early family experiences affect later perceptions of behavior (Pecchioni et al. , 2006; Whitton et al. , 2008). This study demonstrates that family patterns may extend into both ritualized activities and to maintenance behaviors of adult children. Mundane behaviors that couples experience in their daily lives may contribute to the health of a relationship by providing a foundation for major couple events (Driver & Gottman, 2004). Part CAccording to the author, the family may well be the most important context for understanding communication since the family environment is where most communicative behaviors are learned and developed. Thus, it would seem plausible that communication patterns among family-of-origin members influence future relational behaviors. I agreed with the author as the family is the core of every children growing process where we observe what our parents do and w e tend to follow.As Koerner and Fitzpatrick (1997) state, â€Å"Families are children’s primary socialization agents† which family is the one who socialize with the children from the beginning as teaches them how to behave and their attitude which may influence future spousal interactions. As Huang (1999) points out, research has shown that family communication patterns and styles in? uence children’s attitudes and behaviors in a number of areas. In which it influence the family members on understanding of the social environment.

Free Essays on How Trasnportation Changed The U.S.

How Transportation Changed the U.S. The advent of transportation in the late 1800’s helped America progress as an industrialized nation. Not only had it helped the country with transportation, it had helped the country economically. Many forms of transportation had grown to different levels. Many of these forms included railroads, roads and canals. Canal routes built for commerce developed slowly in eastern Pennsylvania, and it was not until after the American Revolution that some thought was given to open the upper river regions to transportation canals. During this time the young country was growing into a powerful political and economic center, and until 1825 was growing to be one of the largest in on the western hemisphere. Transport of goods to markets there was critical to the development of the region's economy. Navigation was possible on the Delaware River as far north as Morrisville. The canals were most active during the 1830s to the 1860s. Use of canals slowly declined because of railroads, and portions were in operation until 1942. It was America's last and longest-operated use of transportation. The Delaware Canal ceased operation during the Great Depression and is today significant as the most intact, accessible, and watered canal in the nation. One hundred and sixty years later, much of the stonework of the canal's retaining walls and locks is still visible and the canal is capable of being fully watered. The first forms of road transport were horses or oxen carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails. As time went by the roads changed from dirt to gravel - courtesy of the farmers. Horseback, horse and buggy, and horse and wagon were the ways to get around in the early days. Our economic growth and lifestyles are directly linked to transportation achievements over the last century as country’s transportation system has gone from mud to macadam and beyond. As the country's economy changed... Free Essays on How Trasnportation Changed The U.S. Free Essays on How Trasnportation Changed The U.S. How Transportation Changed the U.S. The advent of transportation in the late 1800’s helped America progress as an industrialized nation. Not only had it helped the country with transportation, it had helped the country economically. Many forms of transportation had grown to different levels. Many of these forms included railroads, roads and canals. Canal routes built for commerce developed slowly in eastern Pennsylvania, and it was not until after the American Revolution that some thought was given to open the upper river regions to transportation canals. During this time the young country was growing into a powerful political and economic center, and until 1825 was growing to be one of the largest in on the western hemisphere. Transport of goods to markets there was critical to the development of the region's economy. Navigation was possible on the Delaware River as far north as Morrisville. The canals were most active during the 1830s to the 1860s. Use of canals slowly declined because of railroads, and portions were in operation until 1942. It was America's last and longest-operated use of transportation. The Delaware Canal ceased operation during the Great Depression and is today significant as the most intact, accessible, and watered canal in the nation. One hundred and sixty years later, much of the stonework of the canal's retaining walls and locks is still visible and the canal is capable of being fully watered. The first forms of road transport were horses or oxen carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails. As time went by the roads changed from dirt to gravel - courtesy of the farmers. Horseback, horse and buggy, and horse and wagon were the ways to get around in the early days. Our economic growth and lifestyles are directly linked to transportation achievements over the last century as country’s transportation system has gone from mud to macadam and beyond. As the country's economy changed...

Street Gangs Essays

Street Gangs Essays Street Gangs Essay Street Gangs Essay A street gang is a group of young people, with a common identity, and mainly engages in criminal activities.   Most members in a street gang are between the ages of 11 and 21.   These cohesive groups have a recognizable geographical territory, a leadership, levels of organized continuous criminal activities and a purpose.   The street gangs have a common identifying symbol and a known leadership who associate themselves with criminal activities. These groups have a very close relationship and they support one another in their delinquent behaviours. Street gangs may have the commission of one or more criminal acts including murder, firearms or explosives violations, obstruction of justice, narcotics distribution and other violent offenses such as carjacking, assault, burglary and threats. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). For a gang to be identified as a street gang it must have engaged in a collective of criminal activities.   Street gangs may be traditional, national, ethnic or geographical affiliated. These young adults use group intimidation and violence to perform criminal activities in order to earn power and control over certain activities.   These groups are usually unpredictable and unstructured.   Their activities sometimes have no financial gain or a hidden motive. In America, gang activity started in New York during the 19th century.   These gangs erupted form poor sections of the city and they were formed on strong ethnic identities, usually Irish.   Five paints is an example of a gang that was formed during this period.   They robbed, mugged and fought with others gangs.   During the 20th century, street gang activity became rampant although they were making composed of black or Hispanic origin.   During the 1950s and 1960s, those street gangs were found in major cities with European gangs vanishing. Narcotics and firearms became very prevalent in the 1970s and 1980’s.   Those two items attracted more teenagers to join the street gangs.   Firearms made street gangs more violent and increased criminal activities during that period. (Thornberry, T. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., Smith, C. A., Tobin, K. (2003). Street gangs were formed initially for self –protection of family and friends within the same neighbourhood but later progressed to criminal acts that provided a source of income.   Street gangs from different neighbourhool or ethnic groups have been involved in several violence acts against each other to gain power or control over a certain activity. Gangs form the same neighbourhoods have also been involved in vivacity and violence. The first original street gang was formed by a group of students as an informal sports organization in 1970.   The groups name as founded on the address where they lived.   In Chicago the first gangs were formed on ethnic lives by the volunteers of five departments.   The different department of five fighters competed against each other and formed gangs that were later taken to the street.   During the early 20th century, polish and Italian gangs became the most common in Chicago. European – American street gangs were formed in 1780s by young people who were sported hanging out on street corners.   These gangs were formed to protect their neighbor hoods from their rivals.   These groups basically fought for control over street corners and other open lots.   This is where they held their meetings.   The gangs, however, were not based on ethnicity because the same neighbourhood could have a host of nationalities.   These gangs emerged in cities where poor communities lives together. Young adults joined a street gang in order to feel a sense of belonging.   A gong promised to give its members identity. Belonging, wealth, discipline and drugs.   Other young people join the gangs out of fear and intimidations from their peers. (Duffy, M. P. Gillig, S. E. (Eds.). (2004). Street gangs are divided in three major groups based on location, activities and entry requirements.   Ethnic gangs are based on nationality or race of the members. Most ethnic gangs unite on the basis of the ethnicities they hate.   The skinhead gangs and Neo-Nazi gangs both have hatred for Jews, blacks and non-protestant Christians.   Turf gangs are defined by the territories depending on the location of the neighbourhood.   The gangs name themselves by the areas they control and punish gangs that wander into their territory.   These territory barriers have been the cause of many rivalry and violence between street gangs. Prison gangs are formed when members of a street gang are arrested and taken to prison. Members from the same street gang may form a common gang or join other larger street gangs in the prison. Gang members attract children and young teenagers by showing off their lucrative lifestyles and amounts of money. These street gangs recruit young children who are unsuspecting to use them for trafficking drugs and carrying weapons, because they do not attract much attention form the police.   Street gangs recruit their members by performing an initiation; new members have to endure some rites which include â€Å"Jumping in†.   This is when a new member is beaten up by all old gang members.   The new members can also be told to participate in a mission such as steering or killing someone.   Some street gangs have a tattoo gang symbols which new members are required to get. The lifestyle of street gang members involve drinking and doing drugs, hanging around the neighbourhood and sleeping late at night.   During their meetings street gangs sell drugs and commit crimes like breaking stores and theft.   Street gangs believe that to gain power and respect they must commit violent crimes.   Street gangs have signs and ways of identifying themselves and these include similar modes of dressing or having a particular gang colour.   For example the vice Lord’s wear black as their symbol. Street gangs have their own graffiti which symbolize them.   They make these graffiti all around their neighbourhoods to mark heir territories. Street gang believes that invading another gang’s territory and marking it with their symbol or oven destroying their symbol is unforgivable and it calls for war.   Gangs that want to street gangs have hand signals which signify gang membership and loyalty. Graffiti is the commonest way of gang members to communicate.   Graffiti provides adequate information about a gang’s membership and the gang’s growth.   Many street gangs refer to graffiti as their newspaper for communicating messages, warnings or announcements.   Some gangs use secret codes and alphabets as their symbols which can only be interpreted by gang members. (Tovares, R. D. (2002). Tattoos are a common practice used among street gangs to show their membership.   These tattoos are adopted as a way of expressing loyalty to the gang.   All street gangs today are involved in drug trafficking.   Gang members sell drugs and alcohol to earn income.   They are also involved in acts of violence such as robbery and theft.   Members of street gangs are involved in drug abuse activities apart form seeking them   in fact the commonest practice among street gangs is trafficking and use of drugs, street gangs have started recruiting young children to traffic drugs and carry firearms and weapons because, the police do not suspect children much. Street gangs have initiations which are used to recruit new members into the gang.   These initiation ceremonies involve violent acts, where new members are beaten up by all old gang members.   These initiations are very brutal and may result to death or permanent injury.   Some street gangs do not accept a new member, unless he has killed someone or stolen a car.   For women and young girls to be accepted in a street gang, they are forced to have sex with the men in the gangs and other times they are raped.   Just like getting into a gang is difficult, getting out is more difficult and a gang member may be killed on deciding to leave the gang. Some street gang practices are very brutal and heartless. Gang members aim at leaving permanent scares on their victims.   One merciless practice performed by street gangs is the ‘Buck 50’, in this practice a member will slash another person’s face deeply, usually requiring around 50 stitches to repair. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). Street gangs are highly concentrated in large urban areas. Those urban areas provide a conducive environment for gang activity.   The activity includes drug trafficking, selling firearms, stealing cars and robberies.   In the urban areas different street gangs will fight for control of a particular street corners which is well hidden form the activities.   Street gangs are righting populated in areas overwhelmed by poverty in the urban areas.   Street gangs usually originated from slum areas or less developed areas.   The youth in a certain neighbourhood may decide to form a gang with the innocent intention that they gang will be used to protect its members and also be a source of income. Street gangs can also be formed by teenagers in schools.   Schools that are found in highly populated cities stricken with poverty have a high tendency of forming street gangs.   Schools in urban areas form.   Street gangs move often than schools in urban areas form.   Street gangs move often than schools in rural areas.   School children in urban areas are used to traffic drugs by drug peddlers in the cities and as a result they accumulate the children in the street gangs.   Belonging to street gang is a major achievement for school going children.   They feel they have power and control by assessing drugs in schools.   Being in contact with the known drug peddlers also makes them respect among their colleagues. The MS-B street gang is the most violent street gang in the United States today.   It is mainly composed of Mexican nationals.   It is also the most largest street gang in the united state.   The 18th street gang is also a well known street gang in the United States which used violence and intimidation to spread narcotics its territory. Mara Salvatrucha is a street gang which is not afraid or intimidated easily by the authority.   This gang has been responsible for shooting several law enforcement offices and executing federal agents who interfere with its activities. Black gangster disciples, vice lords and Almighty Latin kings all based in Chicago are very notorious in drug trafficking.   They are known to use violence to control their territories and spread drugs and firearms.   Other notorious gangs in the united state include Hoover crisp, bounty Hunter Bloods and Rolling 60s crisp.   Those street gangs have very well structured organizations in their drug operation. (Wiener, V. (1999).   These organizations involve the authority and become very difficult to penetrate and break.   The organization mainly involves young adults who are used to channel profits to the top of the organization.   What makes the street gangs lucrative is the thousand of outlet in major neighbourhoods, millions of potential new customers and the always readily available jobs. Street gangs have caused a lot of violence among the public and disrupted so man lives. Robbery, carjacking, mobbing, vandalizing are some of the activities performed by these gangs.   Ã‚   Street gangs have rules among them that warn against trusting the future. Their unconcern for personal safety and other delinquent behaviors are weak concepts of future stability. Street gang members are ware that any thing can erupt without warning but still they lack any future expectations. Control or be controlled is another rule used by street gang members. They believe in respect and that one has to control another person and gain respect or be controlled by the other person and respect them. Gang members will use money, violence and disrespect the authority to gain control over a territory. This rule implies people outside the gang to mimic the lifestyle of gang members. It also inspires gang members to use abuse and violence and protect their geographical territory. This rule of control or be controlled has also created very stable relationships in a gang. Street gangs have a rule that enable them to treat insiders and outsiders differently. Members of the same gang use symbols like graffiti, similar ways of dressing, hand signals and a common language for identity. This enables them to distinguish the insider from the outsider. Street gangs use this rule to create identity, belonging, security and acceptance. It also brings unity and loyalty in the gang because they express their frustration and anger on the outsiders. Most street gangs are unsophisticated with a structure that is more horizontal than vertical. The characteristics of street gangs are very exposing. Their leadership is more expected and their ways to resolve conflicts is based on power and revenge. Street gangs have been categorized in three major groups. These include first generation gangs, second generation gangs and third generation gangs. The first generation gangs are based on territories and turfs. Their main concern is to protect their neighborhoods and gain small petty cash.   This category of street gangs rarely engages in criminal acts but when they do, they base it on locality and societal violence. The second generation of street gangs is usually business oriented. Their main aim is business and commercial gain. Unlike the first generations that has a loose leadership; the leadership in second generation is more sophisticated and centralized. Members target more on drug trafficking. These gangs extend their operations beyond their neighborhoods and cities and use high violence to control and protect their markets. Second Generation Street gangs use violence to incapacitate law enforcement efforts that are directed against them and as a result they have brought in security in communities. They are also known to be involved with larger transnational criminal organizations. Third Generation Street gangs are larger with broader drug markets and more sophisticated criminal organizations. These gangs have broader political objectives and acquire political control over areas of their interest that the poorly governed. Control of political powers provides security and freedom of the gang activities. The gang leaders in these gangs act more like warlords or drug barons because they gain control of a specific political region and as a result take treasures to protect the gang’s movement’s and activities. The third generation street gangs have succeeded in reconstructing a nation’s government politically, socially and economically. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). Street gangs have caused a lot of havoc in the society by bringing violence, drug trafficking, recruitment of young children and political assassinations.

I did attachment. For all my decument. I want you to do for me just Essay - 2

I did attachment. For all my decument. I want you to do for me just part (3) And (4) - Essay Example A precise example of which would be a scenario where we needed to work as a group and deliver a study related on the biggest effect of early childhood education. Clearly, there are a lot of benefits of which, two of both that immediately came to mind would be economic and social. Two people from the group strongly believed in each and they argued about which had more impact on society. In the situation, no one seems to give way for the other to lay down their points and instantly rested on a conclusion to prove their points. This fighting resulted to a delayed work done, decreased the chances of learning from the two options, and marred a peer to peer relationship. For me, the most important part of the process of resolving a conflict would not be the solution one reaches, instead, would be the process of opening one’s mind to new learning that is different from what one initially had in mind. An example of which would be when we had to promote and ignite people to contribute to a charity event in a sustainable manner which our school was partnering with. Some people believed that the message to be reflected on communication materials would be that â€Å"these unfortunate people need their help†. On the other hand, some came up with an interesting slant by reversing the message which is â€Å"every person’s need to do something meaningful and fulfilling†. This conflict was solved by merging the two equally important messages. Part 4. I have interviewed teachers and at the same time administrators of the school. Some of the conflicts that we’ve all experienced in the workplace would be the amount each person thinks he or she is doing as compared to others, getting appreciation, communicating action plans for certain goals, willingness to consider non-traditional way of doing things, and providing constructive criticisms. People reacted to these conflicts,

Partnership With The Patient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Partnership With The Patient - Essay Example Upon the arrival of the consultant, a CT scan was carried out and came out alright. The respiratory team was as well called to assess the patient.  When the hand-over was done the following day, I was again allocated the patient for continuity of care. The patient’s condition remained the same. The patient’s family was then involved to speak to the patient in mother tongue to see if it was going to help in bringing back patient. The respiratory team did a follow-up and the GCS improved through the involvement of family and healthcare teams. In the process of working with the patient, I was able to develop my understanding of respiration and the procedures of a patient being in the coma.  At about 17:00, the patient came out of the coma, the GCS went back to 14/15 and the neurological observation was fine. Even though the patient was not speaking, I was pleased with the result of the shift worked.  I clean my hands every time I attend to a patient and use the steri lizers to make sure the patient is not infected. This includes thorough cleaning and removing of blood spillages and any other body fluids to ensure the maximum safety of patients. Without cleaning spillages, infections will spread to the patient (Department of Health 2003).  I ensured that every time I cleaned and stored at appropriate place the care equipment so as to also reduce the spread of infections. Equipment is very useful and important. If it not cleaned and kept well, it can put the life of patient at risk (Burnard & Gill 2008). I utilised personal equipment also for protection to prevent infections. To further prevent infections, I ensure that I dispose of any waste during my daily routine of providing healthcare support.  Used linen always spreads infections in most cases and to prevent that, I was extra cautious when removing it and disposing (Naidoo & Wills 2005).  

Case Study about Multisystem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study about Multisystem - Assignment Example Physical examination must be made in a systematic fashion from head to toe with attention to the skin. Special attention must be paid to any abnormal vital signs or evidence of toxicity (Cash, & Glass, 2011). An important aspect of the physical examination will require the patient to get naked so that a proper evaluation can be made. This is needed as patients are often unaware of a rash on their back, buttocks, soles, or perineum. During the physical examination, involvement of the mucous membranes must be examined in areas including mouth, lips, conjunctiva, anus, and vagina. General diagnostic testing must be made so as to support the diagnosis. Biopsy is done by extracting a tissue sample from the patient’s skin for examination under the microscope. The biopsy results upon diagnosis will demonstrate detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. Recommendations for Management The initial step to be done in managing this disease is to identify the probable cause of the condit ion. If the disease is caused by medicine; then the subsequent action is to discontinue any medications suspected of causing Stevens Johnson Syndrome. According to Patterson, Grammer, & Greenberger early discontinuation of the etiologic drug has been reported to improve survival in patients (Patterson, Grammer, & Greenberger, Pg. 234, 2009). All medication started within the past months should be discontinued. Patients affected by this situation require immediate hospitalization; in burn centers or intensive care units. Such patients are treated in a manner similar to that of burn patients. Treatment for Stevens Johnson Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Supportive... The initial step to be done in managing this disease is to identify the probable cause of the condition. If the disease is caused by medicine; then the subsequent action is to discontinue any medications suspected of causing Stevens Johnson Syndrome. According to Patterson, Grammer, & Greenberger early discontinuation of the etiologic drug has been reported to improve survival in patients. All medication started within the past months should be discontinued. Patients affected by this situation require immediate hospitalization; in burn centers or intensive care units. Such patients are treated in a manner similar to that of burn patients. Treatment for Stevens Johnson Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Supportive care given to the patient while he is hospitalized includes; fluid replacement, nutrition, wound care, and eye care. Special consideration must be given to airway as well as hemodynamic stability. Fluid status must also be considered in cases whereby the patient lost fl uid via affected seeping areas where the skin came off. Its management focuses on the removal of the offending agent and replacement of fluid losses. This is done by intravenous fluid repletion. Great volumes of colloids and crystalloids are important in maintenance of electrolyte balance. Care of the wound must be made.

Clothing and Good Physical Health Essay Example for Free

Clothing and Good Physical Health Essay Summer and Spring clothes are worn for Warmth, Comfort and Style. People sometimes wear different types of clothing for Protection, Comfort and Style. To preserve good physical health, clothing protects us from cold temperatures. It can protect us from sunshine or high winds. It can also protect us from the wetness of rain. Throughout history, clothing has protected people from attackers. People need protection from dirt, insects, and other harmful agents in the environment. Some garments protect workers from the specific dangers of their jobs. Hard hats and safety goggles are examples. With winter clothing it is used for the protection of your body. You need to choose your clothing thoughtfully to stay cozy yet still be able to move easily. For Instance, a three layer jacket, a scarf, furred boots and especially a thermal. These are winter garments that you should wear to keep you warm and to keep out the cold. The clothes shouldn’t be too tight or loose reason being tight clothes inhibits free movement, and loose clothes allow the warm air and body heat to escape. We wear clothing that is creatively designed, and we combine garments in artistic ways. Decorations people use still depend on their native culture. For example: body paints, intentional scarring or binding are for adornment. Ideas can change with time. What is beautiful to us one year may not look attractive at all to us a few years later. Clothing can satisfy the psychological need of belonging such as to a profession, social group, association, or country of heritage. It indicates what â€Å"role† you play or what skills you have. One more common type of clothing is Summer clothing. People all over the world especially the Caribbean wears summer clothes all year round. It comes in all sort of style and people also wear summer clothes also very absorbent for style. Most of the clothing is light weighted and also very absorbent. We learn early in life what others expect us to wear. It gives a sense of belonging. Too much conformity can mean a loss of personal individuality. Certain ways of dressing give clues about personality traits (For Example: people who wear very decorative things are usually very sociable). When we choose styles different from out friends, we are expressing our individuality. The least types of clothing are Spring clothing. People mostly wear these types of clothing when winter season is about to finish it can also be worn for comfort. It is lighter in weight than the winter garments. The winter changes so suddenly that you need something not to heavy or light. You need Shoes that ease your feet but protect them from cold or rain. The fabrics are bright and bold in color. Clothing is needed in our everyday life and some can be very expensive.

A Study of Small Sculpture from the Mesoamerican Societies Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec were dominating societies of Mesoamerica, rich in culture, community, and art. While life may not be completely interpretable yet, much in known about how these societies were constructed, and how their religion dominated their lives. Much is generally made of their massive stonework, their ceremonial complexes, and ritual sacrifices, but their small jade, ceramic, and stone sculpture deserves as much attention as the works of much larger size have received.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Olmec were thought to have set many of the patterns seen in later cultures throughout Mesoamerica.1 San Lorenzo, the oldest known Olmec building site, as of the time of the Brittanica article, is known for its Colossal Stone Heads, all of which have prominent facial features. Las Bocas was excavated and many small jade figurines of people in the community were found. Some of these appear to have ritualistic purposes, judging by the incising noted on the sculpture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Olmec culture spread northwest and southeast, and seemingly influenced later cultures in artistic endeavors.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of sacrifice in Olmec art had ties to the belief of renewal; a birth-death scenario, where one is returned to the source - the underworld.3 Similar to monumental figures of men presenting children, wearing jaguar-baby masks, for sacrifice, human figures were sculpted in a much smaller scale, many of which are ceramic or polished jade (fig. 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Las Bocas site of the Olmec produced many small figurines that are thought to represent the people who lived there. These objects display Olmec symbols on their hairstyles or bodies, and because they were found at or near grave sites, these pieces are believed to have more purpose than simply the depiction of daily life.4 An example of this type of sculpture is of a man and woman embracing (fig. 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The â€Å"Wrestler† figure is an example of Olmec sculpture that should be viewed from all angles, not just frontal. â€Å"The long diagonal line of the figure’s back and shoulders is as beautiful and commanding as the frontal view.†5 The pensiveness of the expression on the man’s face suggests individuality and portraiture (fig. 3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jade was a really p... ...assic Maya Art and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Architecture.† In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard F. Townsend, 159-169. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1992. Miller, Mary Ellen. The Art of Mesoamerica from Olmec to Aztec, 2nd ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  London: Thames and Hudson, 1996. Reilly III, F. Kent. â€Å"Art, Ritual, and Rulership in the Olmec World.† In The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Civilizations of Mesoamerica, eds. Michael E. Smith and Marilyn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Masson, 369-399. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. Valdes, Juan Antonio. â€Å"The Beginnings of Preclassic Maya Art and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Architecture.† In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard F. Townsend, 147-57. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1992.

Regression Analysis :: essays research papers

Introduction Gunshot wounds; bullet caliber is increasing, a look of this increase from years 1998-2003. This data is derived from the use of larger caliber firearms in accidents, homicides and suicides. Data was collected from the measurements of bullets removed from trauma patients then submitted to a surgical pathology laboratory. This data was collected from the years of 1998 to 2002 with patient medical record number and the year obtained. Approximately 78 percent of all bullets were intact and sufficient for use in the study. Bullet fragments and pellets were excluded. â€Å"Among gun deaths in the United States, a very small fraction of all crimes are attributed to firearm accidents, firearm injuries of undetermined intent and legal intervention involving firearms. These deaths amount to 4.4 percent of the total numbers of gun deaths (25,663) in the United States during the most recent year (2000) such data are available. Of the remaining 95.6 percent of gun deaths, homicide accounted for 37.7 percent and suicide for 57.9 percent. This apparent increase in suicide by gun contrasts similar data from 1985, when homicide (44.1%) more closely paralleled suicide (51.8%) by gun.† (Caruso, RP, Swan, KG, 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article in this paper suggest that †mortality does not increase and even seemingly decreases because care for the trauma victims has become so increasingly innovative, efficient, and comprehensive that the trauma victims, including patients injured by missiles from guns, who would have died from their wounds in the past are now survivors. † (Caruso, RP, Swan, KG, 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caliber is defined as the diameter of a missile or of the barrel for the weapon (bore) through which the bullet passes. Caliber is expressed in hundredths (two digits) or thousandths (three digits) of an inch. Preceding â€Å"caliber† with a decimal point is actually incorrect because the decimal point is redundant. Caliber implies hundredths or thousandths of an inch. Caliber can also be expressed in millimeters, divided by 25.4 equals the caliber. Thus, 9 mm à · 25.4 = 35 caliber. Conversely, caliber times 25.4 equals diameter of bullet in millimeters. Thus, a 45 caliber bullet will measure 11.4 mm in diameter as will the bore or internal diameter of the barrel of the gun designed to fire the round or the cartridge containing the bullet. Bullet, plus powder, primer, casing, and so forth, constitutes the cartridge or round. Bullet, strictly speaking, consists only of the missile leaving the end of the weapons’ barrel.

Locomotion and Movements

Locomotion Is one of the Important characteristics of all living beings as plants and animals. Mostly plants are fixed but some plants move. Plants are fixed but even then they show movements as leaves of plants, touch-me-not show remarkable movements, when touched by hand. The sunflower bends towards the sunlight. During the night time so many plants fold their leaves or close the petals but next morning the leaves and petals are opened normally. Plants like chlamydeous and Volvo changes their places.Animals move from here from there in search of food ND shelter. Animals also move from place to place to avoid unfavorable conditions, for mating. To lay eggs, to make their nests (birds). Animals also run very fast to save themselves from predators. Some animals like coral, sponge and sea-anemone do not change their places. Movements mean change the position of body parts in the relation body axis but whole body does not move. For example when limbs are moved, fingers are moved to hold the things. Neck is moved towards the sides to look and tall Is moved for different purposes.Locomotion means the position of entire odd Is changed from one place to another, this takes place due to some reasons such as to obtain food, to get shelter and avoid enemies. Grazing animals, like cow, horse, goat move from place to place, birds fly away, when they are going to be caught, frog jumps into the water when it feels danger. MOVEMENTS IN ANIMALS There are so many types of animals such as unicellular, small, medium size and very large size animals all show movements either they are aquatic, arboreal or terrestrial.Microscopic animals such as Amoeba, Paramecium and euglena show following types f movements. (A) Amoeba: Amoeba is found In water. It shows creeping movements. Locomotors movements of amoeba are brought by the formation of finger like projections called pseudopodia (false feet). Several pseudopodia may project out at in any time but one pseudopodia may be continuously projecting in a specific direction, this is called leading pseudopodia, remaining Pseudopodia are withdrawn and amoeba moves in desired direction, this type of movements also occurs in W. B. C of human blood. B) Euglena: Euglena shows flagella movement . Euglena moves tit the help of thread like structure called flagellum. Flagellum extends out through the front end of Euglena, during the movements, the flagellum beats back and forth to draw the Euglena forward in the in water with a spiral rotation on straight line (swimming movements). (C) Paramecium: The whole body is recovered by thread like cilia which help paramecium in movement, this movements is called cilia movements. The cilia beat the water backwards and the paramecium moves forward, and as their stroke Is oblique, It rotates on Its longitudinal axis.When calla beat award direction the paramecium moves backwards (swimming movements). (D) Hydra: Hydra is a fixed aquatic organism. It shows two types of bending movements- 1. Looping : Hydra moves with the help of its tentacles. Hydra bends its body and fixes the tentacles on the ground, now it frees its fixed end and draws it near the tentacles and now the body becomes straight up again. 2. Somersaulting : In this releases its base and make the body straight and upside down and again bends the body forward till it touches the ground and now it releases the tentacles to make the body straight. INSECTSSome insects lack wings and they are unable to fly like silverfish and head lice. Some insects like housefly and mosquito have one pair of wing, which are called fore wings, they fly with the help of these wings. Some insects have two pairs of wings the fore and hind wings, like butterfly and dragonfly.

Introducing Social Essay

Introducing Social Essay Introducing Social Essay Introducing†¦.Social Development: EARLY RELATIONSHIPS Attachment = ‘a long enduring, emotionally meaningful tie to a particular individual’ Monotropy = infants have an innate need to attach to one figure. Privation = never having had a secure and loving relationship with an attachment figure. Deprivation=having a secure relationship with an attachment figure and then losing it. 1) What do you think is the role of caregiver-infant interactions in the development of attachment? 2) What kind of studies do you think psychologists would do on humans to investigate attachment? 3) What kinds of studies do you think psychologists would do on animals to investigate attachment? 4) Criticize animal studies. 5) What do you think is the function of attachment? 6) If a child was securely attached to his/her mother, if the mother left the room what do the think the child would do? 7) If the mother returned what do you think a securely attached child would do? 8) How would a securely attached child act with a stranger? 9)What do you think the short term and long-term consequences of privation are? 10)What do you think the short-term and long-term consequences of deprivation are? Social Development: later relationships intro What do you think ‘friendship’ means? How do you think your ideas of friendship have changed as you have grown up? What sex differences do you think there are in children’s friendships? How many best friends do you have? How many best friends have you had in the past? How long have you been friends with your closest same-sex friend? Do you hold hands with your friends? Do you write

Thinking Outside The Box essays

Thinking Outside The Box essays The invention of the wheel was a miraculous invention, along with the airplane, and the telephone. All the inventions that have ever been created werent just something that was already drawn out on a piece of paper for the inventors. They had to think. They had to imagine the masterpiece before it was even a physical object. These people werent just thinkers or inventors. These people Thought Outside the Box. The writer Sarah Susanka, the author of The Not So Big House, once said that The ability to think creatively, responding to needs and wishes, not to preconceived ideas of what something should look like, then the problem will be solved. [SIC] What I think she means by this is if you are going to make something or do something for the people of the world, dont assume or pretend you know what they want. Go out, ask them, figure it out and then when you have completed the finished product it will be successful. Many people who try to invent something are not successful because they are afraid to break the confines of the outline. What I mean by this is that the people are so accustomed to thinking like everybody else, they are afraid to explore the possibilities of their mind. They cant picture something that already isnt there. Often a person will see something that was invented and wonder why they never thought of something so simple. The answer is very uncomplicated... they didnt break the confines of the out line. Normally, when people do a puzzle, they will have to think about the answers, sort of like a maze. If what they first try doesnt work then they have to try another direction to see if something else will work. Those people, even though they dont know it have just thought outside the box. They have decided that rather than quitting, they are going to keep trying, and see if they can find another way to do it. Even though the a...

The battle of little bighorn essays

The battle of little bighorn essays George A. Custer and the Army would have/could have won the Battle of Little Bighorn if they didnt spread out their men, followed orders, and arrived at the Little Bighorn River at the same time. The Battle of Little Bighorn began on June 25, 1876, because the Native Americans where tried of having to move all the time for White men, so they decided to take a stance and fight for their land. The Sioux and Cheyenne joined together in Montana to fight, lead by the great leader, Sitting Bull. George Armstrong Custer perhaps could have beaten the Indians if he didnt spread out all his regiments. Custer divided his force into 3 smaller ones and sent them off to different people. One of the 3 forces went to Captain Frederick Benteen to prevent the Indians from escaping up the upper valley of the Little Bighorn River. Now because of the split Custer was left with only 556 troops compared to the 1,000 or so men he would have had. If Custer didnt divided his men up he could have put up a long, mean battle against the Indians. George Custer could have won the battle if he had followed orders and didnt make rash decides. When Custer and his men where making their way along to the Sioux village along the Little Bighorn River, Custer spotted about 40 Indian warriors. Custer thought that those Indian warriors where scouts of the Sioux village and hastily decided to attack the Sioux village right away. Because of this hast attack, Custer did not realize what terrain he had to go through to attack the Native Americans, giving the Indians an advantage. If Custer followed the orders given by the Army he could have made better decisions which could have saved his life and his mens life. The Army would have won the Battle of Little Bighorn if all the cavalrys reached the Sioux village at the same time. George Custer and Marcus Renos men where the only ones who made it t ...

Critical Thinking 1 Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking 1 - Speech or Presentation Example Economic profit is the estimate of a forgone good. In businesses, the normal profit is required business profit and not in economic profit. If at all the interest on mortgage loan deduction were reduced or removed, then the homeowners will be hurt is a fallacy. Buyers will have to pay low prices. This because home owners get a deduction in tax which a renter paying the same amount will never get. The savings are forced every month in beginning of a mortgage. Owning property such as house is the only avenue for an ordinary person to employ leverage that not only create risk but also rewards. Persons who rent outwardly think they put extra in investments but when subjected to scrutiny it is a fallacy. A house is an asset that depreciates slowly as compared to other assets. The scenario only focuses on the percentage increase in houses but do not provide an argument what return on capital is. If a sales manager happens to announce that a marketing program is being utilized to maximize sales, I would advocate for the program scaled down because the marginal revenue is equal to zero. When the sales are maximum, the marginal revenue is at zero. When now this happen, the marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue, this means that the marketing strategy is yielding too much. For the betterment of the outcome, the marginal revenue should be equal to marginal

Ethical controversial about the abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical controversial about the abortion - Essay Example These people base their argument with Aristotle point of view that abortion is right since it creates a strong path for people to control the size of their family. Supporters of abortion believe that there is no biblical text that specifically prohibits abortion, despite many citing various biblical verses as a framework for forbidding abortion. This essay seeks to underline the ethical controversial about abortion. In the article entitled, Abortion in Australia: a Legal Misconception 2005 Kerry Petersen presented the opinion polls, which showed that most Australians approved women having their rights to carry out abortions. In Australia, there has been little support and emphasize for introducing restrictive laws that ban abortion and most state regards abortion as legal to protect the health of the woman (Kerry 142). The ground on which abortion is allowed differs from state to state. In practice, most states in Australia believe that all women have the right to access medical serv ices for termination of pregnancy especially in cases when the pregnancy may interfere with their health. The major aspect surrounding abortion in modern times is just when the soul enters into the body. Just as in ancient times, Aristotle believed that if performed early, abortion was not killing the human life (Mercer 22). He considered that the embryo gained a human soul after forty days if male and ninety days if female. Before that period, Aristotle believed that the embryo had animal and vegetable soul. In modern times, some people believe that a woman has an ethical obligation to terminate pregnancy if conducted at an early stage. In this regard, most people claim that women may terminate a pregnancy because of many reasons such as in the case of incest or rape, when the mother is not financially prepared, or when the pregnancy interferes with the mother’s health. By virtue, the accumulation of human cells has the right to live if only it has reached a specific stage o f development. With this, it stands out that it is right to terminate the pregnancy provided it is done at an early stage. A study conducted in 2009 by Rita indicates that, a pregnant woman has the moral right to terminate pregnancy if the pregnancy interferes with her personal life. In other words, the woman has the right to take the decision without legal or moral intervention of others. A woman has the right of ownership to her body. With this, she can make the decision to abort the foetus if it is interfering with her life or health. Additionally, it may not be ethically wrong to terminate a pregnancy in cases where the mother has to choose, which of the conjoined twin will die. In such cases, the operation required to separate them may cause one infant to die. The woman may be forced to abandon one of her child to save the other. Nevertheless, opponents of abortion hold that human lives are sacred and one should treat them with respect and reverence (Mercer 30). Most religions stress that, God is the creator and giver of life, and human beings should not destroy what he has created in his image. The Roman Catholic Church maintains that abortion is against God’s word and natural law, and there should be no scenarios that make it better or right. Ethically, religious experts believe that the foetus deserve to live just like a human being does (Haugen, Susan, and